Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related dementia characterized by cognitive decline and devastating neurodegeneration. Present work aimed to evaluate the role of bioactive component boswellic acid in improving cholinergic deficiency in an experimental rat model. In this study, rats were divided into five groups as group 1 (control group), group 2 (boswellic acid group), group 3 (AD group), group 4 (boswellic acid –pre-treated group), and group 5 (boswellic acid-treated group). At the end of the experiment different neurochemicals, a biochemical analysis was assessed. In the AD group (G3) acetylcholine was decreased with acetylcholinesterase elevation as compared to the control groups (G1 and G2). Improvement of acetylcholinesterase activity and acetylcholine level was observed after pre and treated (G4 and G5) by boswellic acid. There was a significant decrease in the dopamine in the hippocampus of the AD group (G3)as compared to the control groups (G1 and G2).In contrast, pretreated and treated groups by boswellic acid (G4 and G5, respectively) led to an elevation of dopamine concentration, with the best improvement in a pre-treated group(G4) than the treated group (G5). In conclusion; bowsellic acid improved the cholinergic deficiency in Alzheimer's disease.