This study aimed to determine the efficacy of different synchronizing protocols for improving the fertility in Water buffaloes. A total of 53 anestrous buffaloes (24 cows and 29 heifers) were used in this study through 2 experiments, during summer season. In experiment 1, 24 buffalo-cows were divided according to the treatment protocol into 4 groups:- G1 buffalo-cows (n=7) were given PGF2α followed 48 hrs later by injection of eCG; G2 buffalo-cows (n=6) were injected with PGF2α followed 48 hrs later by GnRH; G3 buffalo-cows (n=5) were injected with GnRH , followed 7 days later by PGF2α and G4 (control) buffalo-cows (n=6) did not receive any treatment. In experiment 2, 29 heifers were divided according to the treatment protocol into 3 groups: G1 heifers (n=10) were injected with GnRH followed 7 days later by PGF2α, and after 48 hrs injected with eCG; G2 heifers (n=11) were injected with GnRH, PGF2α and GnRH at 0, 7 and 9 days, respectively and G3 (control), in which heifers (n=8) did not receive any treatment. Animals were gynecologically examined, by trans-rectal ultrasonography (8 MHz) to detect the ovarian and genital tract condition. In experiment 1, the proportion of cows exhibiting estrus and the pregnancy rate after treatments were 85.75; 50% for G1, 67.0; 75% for G2 and 60; 66.6% for G3 compared to 16.7; 0% for control group. In experiment 2, the proportion of heifers exhibiting estrus and the pregnancy rate after treatments were 70; 42.8% for G1 and 63.6; 57.1% for G2 compared to 0% for control non treated group. It could be concluded that, during summer season, the use of PGF2α and GnRH protocol in buffalo-cows and GnRH, PGF2α, and eCG or GnRH, PGF2α, and GnRH protocol in heifers could successfully improve their fertilityThis study aimed to determine the efficacy of different synchronizing protocols for improving the fertility in Water buffaloes. A total of 53 anestrous buffaloes (24 cows and 29 heifers) were used in this study through 2 experiments, during summer season. In experiment 1, 24 buffalo-cows were divided according to the treatment protocol into 4 groups:- G1 buffalo-cows (n=7) were given PGF2α followed 48 hrs later by injection of eCG; G2 buffalo-cows (n=6) were injected with PGF2α followed 48 hrs later by GnRH; G3 buffalo-cows (n=5) were injected with GnRH , followed 7 days later by PGF2α and G4 (control) buffalo-cows (n=6) did not receive any treatment. In experiment 2, 29 heifers were divided according to the treatment protocol into 3 groups: G1 heifers (n=10) were injected with GnRH followed 7 days later by PGF2α, and after 48 hrs injected with eCG; G2 heifers (n=11) were injected with GnRH, PGF2α and GnRH at 0, 7 and 9 days, respectively and G3 (control), in which heifers (n=8) did not receive any treatment. Animals were gynecologically examined, by trans-rectal ultrasonography (8 MHz) to detect the ovarian and genital tract condition. In experiment 1, the proportion of cows exhibiting estrus and the pregnancy rate after treatments were 85.75; 50% for G1, 67.0; 75% for G2 and 60; 66.6% for G3 compared to 16.7; 0% for control group. In experiment 2, the proportion of heifers exhibiting estrus and the pregnancy rate after treatments were 70; 42.8% for G1 and 63.6; 57.1% for G2 compared to 0% for control non treated group. It could be concluded that, during summer season, the use of PGF2α and GnRH protocol in buffalo-cows and GnRH, PGF2α, and eCG or GnRH, PGF2α, and GnRH protocol in heifers could successfully improve their fertility