The role of social networks has grown in recent times, as they are no longer limited to being a window for communication between individuals, but rather they have become the most important tools for influencing and shaping public opinion. It is even seen by some as driving change in the world. The emergence of Online Social Networking (OSN) has transformed the audience from a passive subscriber reader to a contributor to content. It has allowed users to share information and exchange opinions, as well as express themselves in virtual online communities to interact with other users with similar interests. But in return, it has become an ideal platform for hacking and information leakage. It may be important to understand whether social networks represent an information security threat to individuals and organizations. So far, research has not addressed this common problem, but it focuses on one aspect of it, and this represents a clear research gap. The current research attempts to bridge this gap, which in turn raises a number of important questions, including: What is the nature of the factors that enhance the role of social media? What is the nature of its impact on the formation and formation of public opinion? And electronic public opinion monitoring of information security challenges related to social media for individuals and organizations? By reviewing the literature relevant to this study. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various security and privacy threats related to information and current solutions that can provide security for users of social networks by citing some statistical reports. In addition to this, we discussed various defensive approaches to OSN security by monitoring relevant security guidelines to achieve trustworthiness in online social networks for individuals and organizations.