Abstract            The research aimed at revealing the correlative relationship of emotional stability as one of the personality traits and the social competence of children in residential institutions. The research sample comprised(200) children from residential institutions whose ages ranged from(4:6)years,the researcher utilized the descriptive research approach as it is the most suitable one for the research nature. For data collection, the researcher utilized the pictures emotional stability scale and the social competence scale Results revealed that there was a statistically significant positive correlative relationship between emotional stability and social competence dimensions of social skills, interactive initiative, self-management, solving social problems, and the total degree of social competence among children in residential institutions. Besides, there were no statistically significant differences in the emotional stability among children in residential institutions(unknown parentage - orphans - whose parents were imprisoned).