Background: Modifications of the inner retinal layer is a frequent observation following pars plana vitectomy. Aim of the Work: To assess early changes of the thickness of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer after pars plana vitrectomy by ocular coherence tomography. Patients and Methods: This is a non-interventional observational study, in which 30 eyes of 30 patients underwent Examination of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer after Pars Plana Vitrectomy by OCT. Cases were performed at the Ophthalmology department of Beni-Suef University`s Hospital and Research Institute of Ophthalmology. Results: In the current study we found by using the OCT, there were no changes in the peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer that can sound statistically. PPV had no effect on RNFL because of patient Age or Gender or ether eye status like the underlaying pathology, axial length of the eye except at some quadrants of RNFL. Conclusion:  Despite RNFL showing changes following vitrectomy, they showed no statistical significance