Most physicians do not have sufficient knowledge about the possibilities and limitations of technology, and also engineers do not have experience in anatomy and body systems even if they acquire sufficient knowledge about treatment and operations. What applies to engineers also applies to designers. This study deals with the application of the contextual investigation technique in the design of surgical instruments, which is the first stage of the design process according to the participatory design approach. This is where the designer acknowledges the details of using the tools through the actual participation of surgeons. The surgeon's participation starts from defining the problem that is encountered while performing his work, whether it is due to a design error or it requires a new design for a new tool. The surgeon's participation continues to define and identify the details of the problem, possible solutions to it and the tests required by the design to determine the extent to which it meets the requirements of its work. The surgeon also makes suggestions and evaluation. The research problem can be defined in the question: how to involve the surgeon in the data collection stage as a first step in the design process (design of surgical instruments)? The research aims to define the contextual investigation procedures and verify their effectiveness. So that the designer can design surgical tools that meet the actual needs of surgical staff. Methodology: The experimental method is followed during observing the surgeon and setting a framework for applying the contextual investigation and checking the integrity of the procedures for the contextual investigation. We summarize from this research a framework for applying contextual investigation in the design of surgical instruments.