Many color description systems have emerged from the Greek times through Da Vinci and Goethe to modern color description systems that were based on Newton and Maxwell studies of light such as the Chevroluyong, Mencel, and others. And the end of the color systems (CIE xyz) and (CIE Lab) of the World Colors Organization currently.
Through the study of these systems, the research problem arose, as the color description systems relied upon building on the color as a physical appearance only, which led to a lack of interpretation of many color phenomena such as luster phenomenon, and increased visual perception of secondary colors at the expense of primary colors, and the relationship of the purple color with red and blue in The visible spectrum. Consequently, the aim of the research is to devise a three-dimensional color description system that relies primarily on the spectral sensitivity curves of the human retina cones, as the actual tool for color perception and discrimination.
To achieve this, the researchers used the descriptive and analytical method and the experimental approach, then studying the color phenomena that other color systems were unable to explain, through the three-dimensional model of the spectral sensitivity curves of the human eye cones, such as the production of all shades that the human eye can distinguish, and clarify the causes of increased perception The visual acuity of secondary colors at the expense of primary colors where the breadth of the sensitivity of the cones varies for each primary color and is not equal, and also confirms the independence of the violet color as an independent wavelength, and also the interpretation of the saturation and luster phenomenon in metallic colors in conjunction with the chromatic vision of the bars in the retina, which are results that confirm the research hypotheses . It leads to the recommendation to expand the study of the effect of visual perception in color science, especially the effect of color constants.