Most mineral beneficiation development in the world focused on size and density-based separation technologies. In recent years, ore size-based and density-based separation technologies have attracted more consideration to obtaining rough or final high-quality products. Due to the dissimilarity of physical properties like particle size and density, valuable and gangue minerals can be segregated via size-based and density-based separation technologies. Removing the impurities and recovering the target minerals are accomplished by size-based separation technologies alone or are usually followed by cleaning processes utilizing density-based separation abilities. The density variation among valuable and gangue minerals leads to dissimilarities in settling velocity in a fluid medium (air or water) to promote the density-based separation process. In addition, the effect of density-based separation processes is strongly influenced by the range of particle sizes to be treated. This paper thoroughly reviews the literature of recent advances of various gravity and sizing separation technologies such as cyclones, enhanced wet separation, and dry separation from theoretical and technical aspects.