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122351

Distributed Generation Approach for Single Step System Restoration during Cold Load Pickup.

Article

Last updated: 22 Jan 2023

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Subjects

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Tags

Electrical Engineering

Abstract

When a system is restored after an extended outage, the demand is greater than that was before the outage. The increase in the demand is due to the cold load pickup (CLPU) condition. The attempt to restore such load simultaneously will cause an excessive loading on the network elements in addition to limits violation. For these reasons, step-by-step restoration was suggested to overcome such problem. However, this way of restoration requires a long time for the complete system to be back to service. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to find the optimal sizing and siting of distributed generation (DG) units for simultaneous single step restoration of transmission and distribution networks. The aim of the proposed DG allocation algorithm is to reduce the distribution transformer loss of life due to overloading and to reduce the lost load and hence the additional power demand caused by CLPU. The capacity of the DG required is determined on the basis of additional power demand and the load diversity preserved. The proposed algorithm is applied to the Egyptian 66 kV transmission network in the city of Alexandria including a 33-bus and a 69-bus, 11 kV primary distribution feeders. 

DOI

10.21608/bfemu.2020.122351

Keywords

Single step restoration, Distributed generation, Black-out, intentional islanding, Particle Swarm Optimization

Authors

First Name

Amany

Last Name

El-Zonkoly

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Arab Academy for Science & Technology., Faculty of Engineering & Tech., Miami., Alexandria., Egypt., P.O.1029

Email

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City

Miami

Orcid

-

Volume

36

Article Issue

4

Related Issue

17858

Issue Date

2011-12-01

Receive Date

2011-08-19

Publish Date

2020-11-09

Page Start

70

Page End

78

Print ISSN

1110-0923

Online ISSN

2735-4202

Article File

BFEMU_Volume 36_Issue 4_Pages 70-78.pdf

PDF . 14.5MB

Link

https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_122351.html

Detail API

https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=122351

Order

16

Type

Research Studies

Type Code

1,205

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal

Publication Link

https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

-

Details

Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023