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Assessment of Surface Water-Groundwater Relationship in the Area between Borg El Arab and West El Hammam, North West Coastal Zone, Egypt.

Article

Last updated: 04 Jan 2025

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Subjects

-

Tags

Irrigation and Hydraulic Engineering

Abstract

The study area, between Borg El Arab and El Hammam, is recently subjected to intensive land reclamation projects aiming to cultivate about 57000 feddans. It is supplied by two main sources of irrigation, i.e. the surface water as a main source (Bahig canal and El Hammam canal), and the groundwater from more than 600 shallow wells tapping the Ralat aquifer (calcareous sandstone) of Plio-Pleistocene age as a supplement source.
During the last three decades (1985 – 2014), conjunctive use of surface water together with groundwater has resulted in serious hydrologic problems e.g. water losses, canal seepage and water logging, where the depth to water level has risen up from about 20 m (1985) to less than 5.0 m (2014). Meanwhile, the groundwater salinity decreased during this period from more than 5000 ppm to less than 2000 ppm, indicating a dilution effect by seeped water.
The water seepage from the dissecting canals is estimated in the present work by 65.18 x 106 m3/year replenishing the groundwater system in the down gradient areas. Might as well, the irrigation return flow through permeable soil in the study area is estimated by 4.125 x 106 m3/year due to the applied flood irrigation technique. In other words, 95% of the total groundwater replenishment is from the canal seepage, while only 5% from direct percolation.
The investigation of wells tapping the Ralat aquifer in the study area has indicated that water levels are ranging from 21.0 m to 1.0 m above mean sea level. More than 57.6 x 106 m3/year (average 84% of the natural groundwater discharge) are pumping from such wells to get water of about 2000 ppm salinity, indicating a significant hydraulic connection between the surface water canals and the underlying aquifer. The calculated water balance of the Ralat aquifer has resulted in an amount of annual surplus water of the order of 11.705 x 106 m3/year as groundwater storage.

DOI

10.21608/bfemu.2020.97654

Keywords

El Hammam Canal, Groundwater, Northwest coast, Egypt, water logging and water seepage

Authors

First Name

Nahla

Last Name

Morad

MiddleName

Abdelmoneem

Affiliation

Researcher, Hydrology Dept., Desert Research Center, Matariya, Cairo

Email

nahlamorad@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ramadan

Last Name

Abdel Latif

MiddleName

Mohamed

Affiliation

, Researcher, Hydrology Dept., Desert Research Center, Matariya, Cairo

Email

ramadankhalifa_20106@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

42

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

14771

Issue Date

2017-03-01

Receive Date

2016-04-07

Publish Date

2020-06-24

Page Start

1

Page End

11

Print ISSN

1110-0923

Online ISSN

2735-4202

Article File

BFEMU_Volume 42_Issue 1_Pages 1-11.pdf

PDF . 2.5MB

Link

https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/article_97654.html

Detail API

https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=97654

Order

9

Type

Research Studies

Type Code

1,205

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal

Publication Link

https://bfemu.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Assessment of Surface Water-Groundwater Relationship in the Area between Borg El Arab and West El Hammam, North West Coastal Zone, Egypt.

Details

Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023