ABSTRACT This research mainly aimed to identify the behavior of the surveyed farmers related to the practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands by identifying the knowledge, implementation and direction of the respondents towards the practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands and related to each of the processes of adding agricultural gypsum, surface plowing, plowing under the soil, and precise leveling by laser, And clearing field irrigates, clearing and smoothing field drains, as well as determining the percentages of the contribution of some studied independent variables that have a significant relationship to the total degrees of farmers' behavior related to the improvement and maintenance of agricultural lands, as well as determining the relative importance of the problems facing the surveyed farmers in the field of improving and maintaining agricultural lands. To achieve the objectives of the research, the data were collected during the months of September and October 2021 AD using the personal interview questionnaire form from a simple random sample of 224 farmers, representing 10% of the total number of farmers in the study villages. Arithmetic, standard deviation, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, and multiple progressive ascending correlational and regression analysis model. The most important results were: -          The behavior of the respondents in relation to the practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands was average -          The respondents' knowledge of the total practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands was average -          The respondents' implementation of agricultural land improvement and maintenance practices was low -          The attitude of the respondents towards the practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands is neutral -          Seven of the independent variables together explain 61% of the total variance that explains the total degrees of the respondents' behavior related to the practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands, of which 45.7% is attributed to the variable degree of use of agricultural mechanization, and 7.1% to the degree of requirements that farmers need , 2.4% to the number of years of education, 1.7% to the degree of availability of extension activities, 1.7% to the degree of problems facing farmers, 1.4% to the degree of driving, and 0.9% to the degree of awareness of the harms of excessive use Agricultural pesticides and fertilizers. -          Among the most important problems facing the surveyed farmers in the field of improving and maintaining their agricultural lands are: lack of soil analysis laboratories in the region, high prices of agricultural gypsum, lack of availability of agricultural gypsum, high costs of accurate leveling of agricultural land by laser, high costs of plowing under the soil, The high costs of disinfection operations for canals and drains, and the lack of accurate laser leveling machines.