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102023

DESIGN OF A PORTABLE RAINFALL SIMULATOR DEVICE TO EVALUATE THE FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL WATER EROSION

Article

Last updated: 04 Jan 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

Soil science

Abstract

ABSTRACT A portable low-cost field rainfall simulator was designed to provide rainfall intensities in the range of 14 to 80 mm h−1. The designed simulator is easy to assemble, transport and its portability and flexibility enable the necessary experimental replicates in remote locations. The simulator was tested in terms of Christiansen Uniformity coefficients that ranged from 89 to 94% for the three Full-jet nozzles used in this study, with median diameters ranged from 0.836 to 2.113 mm, showing an appropriate degree of accuracy. The terminal velocities of the raindrops was also examined and ranged from 3.35 to 6.83 m s−1. Furthermore, kinetic energy values ranged from 12.7 to 18.9 J m−2 mm−1, showing similarity to the natural rainfall occurs in the Mediterranean regions under conditions of low rainfall intensity. The applicability of the rainfall simulator in the dynamic processes of erosion characteristics was investigated in the northwestern coastal zone of Egypt, where erosion is an important threat of sustainability. Five rainfall intensities (14, 21, 30, 36, and 45 mm h−1) were evaluated in three repetitions at three uncultivated sites having slope gradients of 5, 9 and 12 %, forming 45 simulated rainfall. The changes of sediment yield, sediment concentration, runoff rate and runoff coefficient for the 45 simulated rainfall were quantified. Altogether, the results indicated that runoff and sediment yield rates were substantially different between the rainfall intensities of 14 and 45 mm h−1than those obtained between any other pairs of intensities under all soil gradients. Summing up the results, the designed portable rainfall simulator can be effectively used in studying the dynamic processes of soil erosion in field scale, specifically quantifying these processes in the presence of variability in rainfall intensity and soil slope.

Keywords

Key Words: Rainfall simulation, Rainfall intensity, Soil slope, runoff, Soil loss, Northwestern Coast of Egypt

Volume

34

Article Issue

11

Related Issue

14307

Issue Date

2019-11-01

Receive Date

2019-10-03

Publish Date

2019-11-01

Page Start

335

Page End

358

Print ISSN

1110-1571

Link

https://ejas.journals.ekb.eg/article_102023.html

Detail API

https://ejas.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=102023

Order

20

Type

Original Article

Type Code

1,181

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Applied Science

Publication Link

https://ejas.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

DESIGN OF A PORTABLE RAINFALL SIMULATOR DEVICE TO EVALUATE THE FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL WATER EROSION

Details

Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023