Drawing on Memory Studies, the present paper investigates how the Nigerian poet, playwright and critic Wole Soyinka utilises myth as a type of collective memory in post-colonial Nigeria to call for a sense of national identity. Since the sixties of the last century, Memory Studies has become a solid approach, especially when linked to Post-Colonial Theory and Soyinka's theory of transition. ‘Memory studies' allows history to be revealed from a diverse viewpoint apart from official history, while Soyinka's theory highlights change as the social role of theatre. This paper attempts to answer the following questions: What is collective memory? What is the relevance of collective memory in post-colonial societies? How can myth be considered a form of collective memory? How and why does Soyinka adhere to myth and its function as collective memory in Nigeria