Abstract: Food insecurity is a long-term critical problem in Afghanistan. In 2019, the food and agricultural organization (FAO) noted that more than 53.2% of Afghanistan citizens were food insecure, and a total of 11million habitants need food aid. The main focus of this paper to understand food security variation, mainly where and under what natural and socio-economic situations Afghanistan citizens become susceptible food insecurity. This article provides an overview of food security in Afghanistan with respect to the four principal components of food security, namely food availability, food access, food utilization, and food stability. It identifies the knowledge gaps in these four pillars of food security assessment and makes recommendations to advance the research policy linkage in Afghanistan Agriculture sector. This study also highlights Afghanistan's current food production capabilities and the impact of social-economic factors on the four pillars of food security and suggests different procedures and policies improve it. In conclusion, this study provides a foundation for policy development to advance understanding and qualitative discourse to improve Afghanistan's food security situation.