Introduction: This study investigated the effects of the gingival fibrotomy on the rate of canine retraction and anchorage loss. Methods: A split-mouth design RCT study was conducted in 20 patients (18 women, 2 men; mean age, 16.18±1.39 years) who need maxillary first premolars extraction and canines retraction. Fibrotomy was randomly allocated to one canine and the other used as control. Canines were retracted by closed coil springs applying 150 g in both sides. Rate of canine retraction and rate of anchorage loss were assessed using dental casts taken every 4 weeks. Results: No statistical significant difference was detected between both sides in the rate of canine retraction. The rate of anchorage loss showed statistically significant but clinically insignificant difference at the period of 4 and 16 weeks. Conclusion: Gingival fibrotomy around the upper canine in combination with extraction of the first premolar resulted in the same rate of canine retraction and anchorage loss in comparison to extraction of the first premolar only.