~ransv~&e openings are sometimes very essential for accommodating utility services in reinforced
. .
wncrete structures. Most current codes and specifications have no provisions for specific design of
reinforced concrete beanis with openings andmbjected to torsion.
The object of this research is to develop a nonlinear 3-D finite elements constitutive model for
RC. beams with openings ~bjected to torsion by simulate the experimental behavior. A computer
program based on finite element method is developed to include the nonlinear material properties
of both concreteand steel feinforcement. The output results of the F.E. program are compared and
' verified with the experimental results done by other researchers. The effect of some important
parameters such as 'tension stiffening, shear retention paranieters, compressive suength of ' concrete, as well as the opening dimensions, and their locations are studied and investigated.
Finally the main results are.summhd. . :