Diabetes mellitus "simply diabetes" is a serious case in which blood glucose levels rise because bodies of patients are unable to produce any or enough insulin, or because they are unable to use the insulin produced efficiently. It is the most prevalent type of diabetes, affecting nearly 90% of all diabetes worldwide. In patient of type 2 diabetes (T₂D), his muscle, fat and liver cells can respond inappropriately to insulin, which means they can't efficiently take up glucose from blood or store it. This is known as insulin resistance. To compensate, the pancreas initially produces extra insulin.  Over time, the pancreas is unable to keep up and produces insufficient insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels.
In this study, we investigate whether the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in   the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF₇L₂) and KCNQ₁ gene are associated with risk of developing T₂D in Egyptian populations. PCR-RFLP analysis was carried out for KCNQ₁ (rs2237892 and rs2237895) and TCF₇L₂ (rs7903146) genes for 66 T₂D patients and 34 control healthy. In KCNQ₁ (rs2237892) and TCF₇L₂ (rs7903146) for diabetic patients has a relatively high risk for diabetes, however, KCNQ₁ (rs2237895) showed no statistical significant differences between the diabetic patients and the healthy group. In conclusion the TCF₇L₂ (rs7903146) and KCNQ₁ (rs2237892) are the most unambiguous genetic factors influencing type 2 diabetes in Egypt.