Introduction: Preterm birth (PTB) is a worldwide cause of infant mortality and morbidity. Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) especially bisphenol A (BPA) is questioned as a potential risk factor for PTB. Lower gestational vitamin D levels are associated with various maternal and fetal complications. Aim of the Work: This study aimed to evaluate the gestational exposure to BPA and the potential association between urinary BPA and serum vitamin D levels in a sample of Egyptian women having spontaneous PTB. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 106 reproductive aged females divided into Group I with full term delivery (37-42 weeks gestational age) as “control group" and Group II with spontaneous preterm contractions (24 - ˂37 weeks gestational age) that ended with preterm delivery as “PTB group". Results: The median level of urinary uncorrected and specific gravity (SG)-corrected BPA was found to be higher in PTB group with high statistically significant difference between both studied groups (P<0.001). Vitamin D deficiency (≤ 20 ng/ml) was detected in 35.8% of PTB cases with a statistically significant difference (P=0.001) among the studied groups. There was statistically significant strong negative correlation (P<0.001) between serum vitamin D and both urinary uncorrected and SG-corrected BPA among the PTB group. Conclusions: high Urinary BPA and low vitamin D levels represent possible predictive environmental risk factors for PTB.