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158370

EGYPTIAN PROTOCOL FOR MANAGEMENT OF BOTULISM

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Last updated: 25 Dec 2024

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Abstract

Botulism is a muscle-paralyzing disease caused by a toxin made by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. Botulinum toxin binds irreversibly to presynaptic nerve endings at neuromuscular junctions. Through receptor-mediated endocytosis, toxin enters the cell and cleaves SNARE proteins, which are necessary for release of Acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. Blockade of voluntary motor and autonomic cholinergic junctions leads to xerostomia (dry mouth), blurry vision, diplopia, dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and other muscle weakness. The most concerning clinical manifestation is when blockade affects respiratory muscles leading to respiratory failure. Stabilization of respiration is the most important in botulism, since the main cause of death is respiratory failure. Botulinum antitoxin is the specific antidote in case of botulism. Treatment of botulism is time sensitive; the antitoxin should be given as soon as possible once botulism is diagnosed. Having an interprofessional team of toxicologists, emergency medicine physicians, nurses, and pharmacists is important for decreasing time to diagnosis and ensuring patient safety during drug administration. Poison control should immediately be contacted if a patient has suspected botulism. Wound botulism requires incision and thorough debridement of the infected wound, antitoxin therapy, and high-dose intravenous penicillin therapy.

DOI

10.21608/esctj.2019.158370

Keywords

Foodborne botulism, Infant botulism, wound botulism, Bat

Authors

First Name

Samah

Last Name

Elnagdy

MiddleName

Adel

Affiliation

Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

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Volume

7

Article Issue

2

Related Issue

23238

Issue Date

2019-12-01

Receive Date

2019-12-09

Publish Date

2019-12-31

Page Start

1

Page End

13

Print ISSN

2356-6515

Online ISSN

2356-6523

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https://esctj.journals.ekb.eg/article_158370.html

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https://esctj.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=158370

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Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Society of Clinical Toxicology Journal

Publication Link

https://esctj.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

EGYPTIAN PROTOCOL FOR MANAGEMENT OF BOTULISM

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Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023