The central nervous system lacks the ability to undergo neuronal regeneration.
Neurological diseases such as neurotrauma and neurovascular diseases impact many people
around the world. Neural stem cell-based treatment for neurological diseases limits clinical
damage by providing and by regeneration local support for damaged and lost neural cells.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have a vital role in cell therapy as they can give rise to neurons or
glial cells and repair neurological injuries. NSCs were able to secrete constitutively
neuroprotective factors that have an important role in neurological repair. Moreover, upon
transplantation, NSCs were shown capable of migration into lesioned sites and improved
functional recovery after neurological diseases due to their important role in neurogenesis,
immunomodulation, and brain plasticity. This review focuses on the roles of NSCs-based
therapies in neurological diseases and summarise current advancements in NSC
transplantation into rodent models of neurological disorders as well as shed the light on the
progress of NSCs therapies in clinical trials.