Nanotechnology is a fast-growing technology because of It's capable of solving many problems related to animal production and health and plays important roles in the veterinary medicine field. Nanoparticles are characterized by minimal size, it has a role in the improvement of drug delivery, animal health and production. Also used as alternative antimicrobial agents inspect of using large amounts of antibiotics, new drug and vaccine as delivery agents with improved characteristic and performance, diagnostic therapeutic, nutrient delivery, feed additive, biocidal agents and increase the quality of food by using many kinds of nanoparticles such as a polymeric nanoparticle, liposomes, dendrimers and metal nanoparticles. Nanonephrology is a branch of nanomedicine deals with the study of kidney proteins at the nano level and study of cellular structure and process that happened in the kidney with the help of imaging by nano technique and with use of very little size (nano size) particle in treatment of kidney disorder which include acute and chronic kidney disease. With the help of nanotechnology, we replace kidney transplantations and dialysis with low cost and safe animal and human life. Nanonephrology gives us information of molecular structure at the cellular level in normal kidneys functions and at pathological state by studying the chemical and physical characteristic of kidneys proteins and cells at the atomic level by design and structure of nanoparticles that will be matched to the renal cells thus safely and easily perform their function in the kidney. The advantages of nanonephrology in nanomedicine are focused on renal nano diagnostics for studies of basic renal function and early diagnosis of acute and chronic kidney disorders.