This article examines an array of folktales, mantras, and ballads pertaining to a traditional Chinese festival “Marrying off the Caterpillars Festival." On the eighth day of the fourth month in the lunar calendar, people in multiple areas of South and Southwest China expel caterpillars from their crop fields and their residences by invoking different powers such as Taoist deities, the Buddha, and animistic spirits. Although Buddhist versions of this festival dominate multiple genres of folk literature and circulate as the master narrative, Taoist and animistic mantras and folktales have also survived in the realm of folklore—albeit dwarfed and marginalized. The study demonstrates that folklore as a medium displays a complex interplay among different cultural and religious traditions, highlighting eclecticism and hybridity. It argues that folklore is characterized as transcultural and transreligious, preserving and providing visibility for marginalized cultural traditions. This article breaks new ground in that it is the first study that brings together the diverse folklore traditions and folklife in relation to this time-tested festival.