The preservation of cultural heritage is of primary importance for human assets. The emphasis on painting stability has become an active area of research. The prolonged light exposure is a key factor governing the painting damage. This review addresses considerable insights into the chemical processes for the photodegradation mechanism. The paint formulation is the major enabler of chemical interactions with the photons in which the organic and inorganic materials react to generate free radicals. The formed radicals can proceed in chain reactions and cause an unacceptable change in the appearance or integrity of the painting. A thorough understanding of the degradation mechanism is dedicated to developing preservation strategies. Preventive measures are necessary to extend the longevity of the painting property. Restorers should be aware of the procedures of materials used in the painting practice, such as the compatibility of chemical composition, physical properties, and mixing ratios of the materials. The development of new materials could provide innovative strategies in the field of heritage conservation.