The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of yeast-based probiotics (YBP) supplementation on the productive and reproductive performance of Egyptian buffaloes. Twenty multiparous lactating Egyptian buffaloes, ranged from 2nd to 5th season of lactation, were randomly assigned into 2 groups (10 each). The buffaloes were fed a total mixed ration without or with YBP supplementation. The experimental period started two weeks before expected calving date and extended for three months after parturition. Milk yield, milk composition, blood parameters, and some reproductive parameters were measured. The results indicated that colostrum composition was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by YBP supplementation. Actual milk yield, 4% FCM and ECM were significantly (P<0.05) increased by YBP supplementation group comparing to control. Total solid, solid not fat, fat and lactose yield were significantly (P<0.05) increased for YBP group compared to control. However, milk protein percentage obtained from control group was significantly (P<0.05) higher than YBP supplemented group. No significant differences (P>0.05) between the two groups in blood metabolites were shown. For reproductive performance, period up to 1st estrus was decreased from 88.5 to 55.7 days for treated group comparing to control. Also, the service period was decreased by YBP supplementation from 224.6 days for control group to 150.4 days for treated group. Further, an improvement on fertility rate was recorded for YBP supplemented group (90%) comparing to control (60%). In conclusion, ration supplementation with YBP had beneficial effects on milk yield and milk composition yield as well as the general reproductive performance of buffaloes with no adverse effects on general animals health.