Introduction: Periodontal diseases are the most prevalent infectious illnesses affecting tissues supporting the teeth, as well as the most common type of bone pathology. In the field of periodontology, stem cells, as well as tissue engineering, have been introduced and have shown promising results in periodontitis treatment. Researchers have been particularly interested in non-scaffold tissue engineering strategies such as cell injection and cell sheet. The fundamental advantage of cell injection is that it is a non-invasive procedure.
Local injection of Adipose stem cells (ASCs) may be a helpful cells source that is used in tissue-engineering techniques since adipose tissue is relatively inexpensive to procure and is available in enormous amounts.
Objectives: To evaluate the biological effect of the therapeutic role of adipose-derived stem cells on healing of alveolar bone with ligature induced periodontitis in rats using histological assessment, Scanning Electron Microscope analysis, and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA).
Materials and Methods: In this research, 36 adult, male, albino, six months rats (200-250 grams) were used. The rats were split equally into three groups: group A; (control group), group B; (induced periodontitis), and group C: (induced periodontitis treated with adipose stem cells). In each group, 12 rats were euthanized after four weeks from the beginning of the study respectively.
Results: The histological, SEM and EDX results revealed restoration of the alveolar bone level around mandibular first molar.
Conclusion: Adipose-derived stem cells accelerated healing of alveolar bone in induced periodontitis rats and enhanced the osteoblastic activity.