Cotton crop is considered to be one of the basic pillars of National Economy in general, and Agricultural Economy in particular. It is a major input for many economic and trade activities, especially for spinning and weaving Industries. The main objective of this research is to study production and supply response of the seed cotton in Menufia governorate during the period (1988-2003), to Identify the limitations of cotton production and the main reasons of the decrease in the cultivated area in Menufia governorate. By using secondary data published and unpublished by the Ministry of Agriculture, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics ann other sources. Also, primary data were collected by simple questionnaire from a sample of 160 cotton farmers in Menufia governorate during the 2003 Agricultural season. The findings of this research indicated that there was a decrease in cotton cultivated area in Menufia govemorate of about 1.19 thousand feddan annually, with a rate of 3.45% from the annual average of cotton cultivated area of about 34.5 thousand feddans during the period (1988-2003). Moreover,