This investigation was carried out at El•Giza Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), during three successive seasons, starting from 2001/2002 to 2003/2004. The objectives of this research were to estimate heterosis and combining ability, for yield, yield components and some other agronmoic characters in wheat. Six local cultivars, namely, Giza 163, Giza 168, Giza 170, Sakha 93 and Gemmeiza 9 and the exotic cultivar, Irena, were used in the study. All possible crosses among these parents excluding reciprocals were made in 2001/2002. In 2002/2003 the six parents and their 15 F₁ (21 entries) and in 2003/2004 the six parents and 15 F2 crosses were evaluated using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replecations. The obtained results indicated that heterosis (parents vs. crosses) were significant for most studied characters in the F, and F2. Compared with better parent, the highest heterosis effect was registered by the crosses P3 X P₄ (Giza 170 x Sakha 93) for plant hight, flag leaf area, number of spikes/plant, straw yield/plant and grain yield/ plant, cross P₄Xp < sub>6 (Sakha 93 x Irena) for kernel weight, harvest index and grain production rate, and cross P₂xP₃ (Giza 168 x Giza 170) for number of kernels/spike in the F₁. On the other hand, in the F2 generation cross P3 X P5 (Giza 170 x Gemmeiza 9) gave the highest heterosis values for plant height, number of spikes/plant and harvest index, Pi, x P4 (Giza 163 x Sakha 93) for. flag leaf area, P₁ X P2 (Giza 163 x Giza 168) for number of kernels/spike, R_ixP6 (Sakha 93xIrena) for kernel weight, P3 X P4 (Giza 170 x Sakha 93) for straw yield/plant, P4 X P5 (Sakha 93 x Gemmeiza) for grain production rate and P3 ^x P4 (Giza 170 xSakha93) for grain yield/plant. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were significant for all evaluated characters in the F₁ and/or in the F2 generations. Giza 163, Giza 168 and Sakha 93 were the best general combiners for most studied characters. Meanwhile, results of SCA suggested that cross P4 x P6 (Sakha 93x1rena) in the F, and cross P₂ x P₅ (Gin 168 x Geemeiza 9) in the F2 were the best combiners for grain yield/plant. GCA/SCA ratio showed the important role of additive genetic effects for spike length, harvest index and grain yield/plant.