The application of smart and active packaging, nano sensors, nano pesticides, and nano fertilizers, as well as the rapid development of nanotechnology, has expedited the transformations of traditional food and agriculture industries. Metal nanoparticles have been produced for a variety of applications, including food quality and safety, crop development, and environmental monitoring. The most challenging issues and potential opportunities in the food and agriculture sectors are discussed in this chapter, as well as the most recent trends in nanotechnology from research findings. We focused on the possibilities for biosynthesized and bio-inspired nanoparticles to be used in sustainable development. Nanotechnology is used in agriculture to provide agrochemicals and nutrition, as well as insecticides, nano-scale carriers, smart packing, nanosensors, and nutritional deficiency monitoring. Nanomaterials have a broad range of applications in the food industry, including production, storage, packaging, bioavailability, nutrient conductivity, and food safety. Nanomaterials are likely to become more widely used in agriculture in the future, increasing human and environmental exposure to these materials.