Recurrent S. breeding program was carried out during the period from 1997 to 2003 summer seasons to develop synthetic variety within eighteen populations of pearl millet. Seven populations were selected to establish Syn3 and Syn_i. The resulted synthetics were evaluated against the original parents in two seasonal trials. Syn_i was significantly higher than the best parent by 14.4% for fresh yield and 25.2 for dry yield over all seasons. Heritability in broad sense expressed high values for fresh and dry yields (94.4 and 94.0%) indicating less effects by environments and largely by the additive effects of genes. Environmental effects were 5.6% for fresh yield and 6.0% for dry yield. S_: selection and cross-pollination in each cycle of selection has led to an increase averaged 3.9 units for fresh yield represents 15.4% and 0.83 units for dry yield which represents 19.5% as expected genetic advance over the general average. The genotypic coefficient of variation over the two years of evaluation varied from 0.234% (dry yield) to 5.04% (fresh yield) and the phenotypic coefficient of variation varied from 0.249% (dry yield) to 5.34% (fresh yield). Abbreviations: C, Cycle of selection. S_I, First selfed generation. Syn_o, first recombination generation. Syn_i, second recombination generation. GCV and PCV, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability. H²b, heritability in broad sense Bp, base population.