The present study was taken up as an exploratory study to test the possibility of using one-bath scouring, dyeing and finishing (OSBDF) by the exhaustion and pad-dry techniques as an economical treatment process of fabrics made from two Egyptian cotton varieties namely Giza 89 and Giza 80. Detailed laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of this process. The treated and untreated fabric samples were tested for their mechanical properties expressed as tensile strength (g/tex) and elongation %. Dyeing performance in terms of color parameters (K/S, ΔE), and fastness properties (wash, perspiration, and crocking) were also studied. The results of this investigation showed that ,The K/S value of the treated fabrics by the conventional method is slightly better than the cotton fabrics treated by the one-bath method. The K/S value of the treated fabrics increased with the increase in concentration of NaOH and Na2SO4, addition of finishing agent and pretreatment time. The tensile strength, elongation, and color difference of the treated fabrics by this method are of the acceptable limit. The addition of soluble chicken feather as a finishing agent (2g/l) increase the K/S value and maintain the tensile strength, and elongation from degradation. The wash, perspiration, and crocking dye fastness properties of the cotton fabrics are of the acceptable standards