The population problem in Egypt has three dimensions: high growth rate, miss geographical distribution and low demographic, social & economic characteristics such as population age structure, health, environment, income and employment, which are all influenced directly and indirectly each of the steady increase and geographical distribution. The Government of Egypt faces this problem through sustainable rural and agricultural development (SRAD), which considered as a fundamental element in the country's development program. It was recognized from the outset that SRAD requires a multidisciplinary approach involving specialists from agriculture and population working concertedly to attain SRAD's goal. It has therefore been accepted that the agricultural production and the population control components must be approached simultaneously and conjointly because they are so interrelated and interdependent that a change in one is usually accompanied by a change in the other. Village extension workers (VEWs), who have traditionally been in constant daily contacts with the villagers, take the lead role and work concertedly with village health officials of the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) via its home visitors (HVs) to attain SRAD's goals. Three main components for SRAD are sufficient agricultural production for sustained food security, reasonable population level ensuring good quality life, and protection of environment through healthy practices and proper management of natural resources. It will not be possible to achieve SRAD without maintaining a reasonable balance among these three components. Increases in agricultural production are meaningless if the rate of population growth is considerably higher than that of agricultural production. A tremendous uncontrolled increase in population affects the use of natural resources and the quality of environment, both social and natural. The three components, food production, population and environment, therefore, are closely interrelated and any change in their individual status is bound to affect them mutually.