Abstract The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is increasing rapidly worldwide. The study aimed at assessing the effect of CKD on physical growth and intelligence quotient of children and adolescents at Assuit Children University Hospital. The study was descriptive comparative study. The study was conducted in Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and pediatric nephrology Out-patient clinic in Assuit Children University Hospital. Sample: The study included 62 pediatric patients with chronic kidney diseases aged 2-18 years (CKD children) and 62 apparently healthy children aged 2-18 years who were collected from relatives of the CKD children (healthy children). There are three tools used for collecting data in the study, tool one is an assessment questionnaire sheet for children and parents which included sociodemographic data, past medical history and present medical history of the child. Tool two included anthropometric measurements which were plotted on Egyptian growth charts. Tool Three was stanford– Binet Intelligence Scale (SB 5). The main results of study: There are significantly higher subnormal percentiles in head circumference in CKD children compared to healthy children. There are very significantly higher subnormal percentiles in stature for age percentile, weight for age percentile and total, verbal and nonverbal I.Q in CKD children compared to healthy children. Conclusion: CKD negatively affect physical growth and intelligence quotient in children and adolescents at Assuit Children University Hospital. Recommendations: nurses must make sure the family schedules and keeps follow-up appointments to assess growth, developmental progress, and the effectiveness of treatment plan