Abstract: Kidney diseases influence over 750 million persons all over the world. Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease requires hemodialysis or other treatments to prevent death in the late stages. Aim: To assess self-care behavior for hemodialysis patients in dialysis unit. Subjects & methods: A descriptive research design has been used in this study. It was conducted at BeniSuef University hospital. A 55 patient who attend the dialysis unit at Beni-Suef university hospital and meet the inclusion criteria was participated in this study. Three tools were used: Tools: The first tool: A structured interviewing questionnaire that include two parts; Part 1: socio-demographic characteristics of hemodialysis patients. Part 2: Past history of hemodialysis patients. Second tool: A knowledge assessment data sheet of hemodialysis patients used to assess knowledge of hemodialysis patients. Third tool: Selfcare measurement scale used to measure practice regarding health behavior of hemodialysis patients. Results: The mean age of the participants was 38.61 ± 6.32. 34.6% of them were illiterate. 80% of them had poor knowledge and all patients had poor practice regarding health behavior. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the majority of them had had poor knowledge level and all patients had poor practice regarding health behavior. Recommendations: Design instruction model for nurses to follow up periodically with hemodialysis patients about practicing self-care behavior.