Abstract Respiratory distress syndrome in neonates reported with 60% -70% mortality rates. Aim of the study was to develop, apply and evaluate an educational program for nurses to improve their knowledge and practice about care of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Study design a quasi- experimental study design was used to conduct this study. Subjects and methods: the study was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit at Assuit police hospital. Sample composed of 50nurses. Two tools were used to collect necessary data .1. A structured interview questionnaire was used to assess nurses' knowledge regarding respiratory distress syndrome. 2. An observational checklist to assess nurses' practice regarding their care provided for neonates. Results: This study revealed that mean knowledge and practice score were much higher in the post program implementation 9.58±1.43, 293.64±7.51 respectively compared to preprogram 6±1.88, 166.1±29.22 respectively. At follow up phase the mean knowledge and practice score were slightly decreased to 8.1±1.95, 251.04±10.36. Conclusion: Statistically significant improvement was revealed in total knowledge and practice. These scores were much higher in the post program implementation compared to pre- program and slightly decline in the follow up phase. Recommendation: Educational program is needed for updating nurses' knowledge and improving their practice.