Abstract Eye trauma is one of the most common eye diseases. It refers to the damage caused by a direct injury not only to the eye but also to the surrounding area. Aim of study was to assess mothers' knowledge and practices about eye trauma in early childhood. Design a descriptive research design was utilized in this study. The study was conducted at inpatient and outpatient ophthalmology unit at Assiut University Hospital. Subjects and method was included 150 mothers who had children in early childhood (1-5 years) and suffering from eye trauma. Tool one tool was used for data collection. A structured questionnaire was developed to assess the mothers' knowledge and practices about eye trauma. Results the majority of mothers had poor knowledge about eye trauma and more than half of them had unsatisfactory level of practice. Conclusion there were lack of mothers' knowledge and practices about eye trauma in early childhood. Recommendation a written pamphlet or booklet containing information about eye trauma should be developed and keep copies in clinics and ophthalmic department in all hospitals.