Background: The incidence of perioperative complications and mortality related to anesthesia increased and involved multiple factors so, The aim of the present study is to assess of predisposing risk factors and complications for patients during anesthesia. Descriptive research design was used to conduct this study. Sitting: The study was conducted in the operating room for emergency care units at Assuit university Hospital. Sample: One hundred adult male and female patients admitted to mentioned settings and complain of risks or complications from anesthesia. Tools: Tool one: demo geographic data and general physical and medical data, Tool two: risk factors sheet, Tool three Assessment sheet of complications during anesthesia. Results: the most common risk factors of anesthesia were hypothermia 43%, hypotension 79%. Common complication were hypothermia in general anesthesia78%, and hypotension in spinal anesthesia 65%. Conclusion: a highly statistically significant relation was found regarding to risk factors as upper respiratory tract infections, renal impairment and the obesity, and the main complication was hypothermia. Recommendations: provide health teaching for patients before surgery and good preoperative preparation.