Background: Self-efficacy decides what goals should be chosen to pursue, how these goals can be achieved, and how it reflected upon our job performance. Aim: Assess the relationship between head nurses' self-efficacy and job performance. Study design: Descriptive research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at Assiut University Main Hospital. Subjects: Consisted of 44 head nurse. Tools: Two tools were used to collect data I): A structured questionnaire sheet which consists of two parts:-Part (1): Personal data sheet which gathered data about: gender, age, years of experience, educational qualification, and marital status. Part (2): Self efficacy assessment scale which includes 50 statements. II): Job performance checklist sheet which includes 3 main categories (general characteristics, soft skills, and nursing care). Results: The majority of head nurses had low self-efficacy and more than half of them had inadequate job performance (82% & 59%) respectively. Conclusion: There were statistical significant difference between head nurses' self-efficacy and job performance. Recommendations: Head nurses' self-efficacy training program should be done.