Background Mechanical ventilation plays an important role in reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity rate. Providing high-quality nursing care for neonates on mechanical ventilation help in improving health and wellbeing of neonates undergoing mechanical ventilation. study aimed to assess the quality of nursing care provided for neonates on mechanical ventilation. Research design, a descriptive research design was utilized in the current study. Sample. A convenience sampling of 59 nurses working at a neonatal intensive care unit in Assiut University Children Hospital. Two tools were used to collect the necessary data, interview questionnaire sheet, and observational checklists. Results of this study revealed that less than half (47.5%) of the studied nurses had a good level of knowledge while more than one third (39%) of them had a good level of care regarding the quality of nursing care provided for neonates on mechanical ventilation. There were no statistically significant differences between the total mean score of nurses' knowledge and practice (P =0.285). The study concluded that less than half of the nurses had a good level of knowledge and practice. So the researcher recommended that periodical educational training programs for nurses working at neonatal intensive care unit are mandatory for updating knowledge and to maintain an effective practice.