Background: Orthopedic wound infection is an infection of the skin and other soft tissue can lead to infection of bones (osteomyelitis) and joints (septic arthritis). Aim of the study is to assess prevalence and risk factors leading to orthopedic wound infection at Assiut Hospital University. Research design a descriptive research design was used to meet the aim of the study. Tools: the following tools were utilized for data collection Tool (I): Patient's interview questionnaire sheet Tool (II): Assessment of risk factors leading to wound infection. Results: Prevalence of orthopedic wound infection at Assiut University Hospital over the past three months from May to July from of the year 2018 was 57 patients out of 200 patients admitted to orthopedic and trauma department, the majority of the studied patients were have anemia (54.5%), (64%) of the studied patients received blood transfusion, (19 %) were having diabetes mellitus, the majority of them (97.5%) received a prophylactic antibiotic, (21%) were having menstruation during surgery for females, (88.5%) were have closed fracture .Conclusion: Prevalence of orthopedic wound infection at Assiut University Hospital over three months was (28.5%), there was a positive correlation between dressing technique and wound infection of the studied sample. Recommendations: Increase the awareness of nurses through attending scientific meeting and conferences and to keep them pace with the rapidly growing wealth of knowledge and practice.