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The Titles of the Seal Bearer of the Ships in Ancient Egypt until the end of Middle Kingdom

Article

Last updated: 04 Jan 2025

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Abstract

As the seal was put to varied and important uses in Ancient Egypt, they were not only used as administrative securing devices for the state bureaucracy, private individuals, documents, containers, places, but also as amulets during daily life and in the netherworld. It is no wonder that many officials of the Government were concerned about its employment. There were attached to almost every department of the public service, as well as to all the religious institutions of the country; and even wealthy noblemen, usually had one or more of these xtm(w) or sDAw(ty) "seal bearer" in their household, During the Old kingdom, many high-ranking members of the royal government bore the title “xtm(w)/ xtm(ty)-nTr (wiA)" and “xtm(w)/ xtm(ty)-nTr" m (wiA), “God's Seal bearer of the ship". The bearer of this title associated with ships of different types and connotations and played an administrative role and its term had variant derivatives and functions associated with it.
The proposed research, therefore, aims to study the titles of the seal bearer of the ships, in addition to its terms and determinatives, interpret them linguistically, identifying the role of the seal bearer through textual and scenery sources, counting the most important employees who bore the title until the end of Middle Kingdom, shedding light on the titles that accompanying the holder of the seal and deducing the nature of the powers and competence of seal bearer from them.

DOI

10.21608/jaauth.2022.147125.1368

Keywords

xtm(w)/ xtm(ty)-nTr (wiA), wiA, Seal bearer, God’s seal bearer, Ship

Authors

First Name

Mohamed Refaat

Last Name

Mohamed

MiddleName

رفعت

Affiliation

Ismailia

Email

mohamedrefaat@tourism.suez.edu.eg

City

Ismailia

Orcid

-

Volume

22

Article Issue

3

Related Issue

34562

Issue Date

2022-06-01

Receive Date

2022-06-26

Publish Date

2022-06-01

Page Start

78

Page End

119

Print ISSN

1687-1863

Online ISSN

2682-4612

Link

https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_246555.html

Detail API

https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=246555

Order

232

Type

Original Article

Type Code

997

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality

Publication Link

https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

The Titles of the Seal Bearer of the Ships in Ancient Egypt until the end of Middle Kingdom

Details

Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023