A Total of 40 buffalo calves aged from 2 weeks to 3 months were used in this study. The animals were divided into two main groups the first group (group I) represented as a control group. The second group (group II) showed the clinical signs of pneumonia (natural diseased non- treated).  Group (II) was subdivided into two subgroups: the first subgroup (group A) naturally diseased and treated with florofenicol (Nuflor), and the second subgroup (group B) naturally diseased and treated with tulathromycin (Draxxin). 
Concerning the hematological findings of the diseased non treated group (II) revealed anemia in addition to neutrophilic leukocytosis with increase in both TNF- α, IL-6 and decrease in both IgG and IgM levels was observed  compared to control healthy group. While subgroups (A & B) revealed increase in RBCs count, Hb concentration, PCV, MCHC, IgG and IgM and decrease in MCV, MCH, TNF- α and IL-6 compared with diseased non treated group (II). Diseased treated subgroups (A&B) revealed decrease in T.L.C, neutrophil and monocytes with increase of lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils and platelets count compared with diseased non treated group (II). The diseased treated subgroup (B) with Draxxin exhibited improvement in hematological and immunological parameters analysis compared with the diseased treated subgroup (A) with Nuflor. The lungs of dead calves with respiratory diseases were examined microscopically. The obtained results were lung edema, hemorrhage, collapse and different types of pneumonia such as catarrhal, suppurative, fibrinous and interstitial pneumonia. Associated bronchial lymph nodes showing congestion of blood vessels and hyperplasia of lymphocyte cells.