Background: Visfatin and apelin are from adipokines which play a vital role in several physiological processes, such as homeostasis, and energy metabolism.
Aim: The aim of the work was to assess serum concentration serum apelin and visfatin concentrations in children with T1DM, their correlations to vitamin D and other clinical lab data, and to use these markers to anticipate T1DM in children.
Material and methods: 100 subjects with type 1 diabetes and 50 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were included in our study. Concentrations of visfatin and apelin were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vitamin D levels were measured using auto-analyzer system (Mini Vidas, Biomerieux).Results: There were a significant increase in glucose, HbA1C, while decreased levels of C peptide, vitamin D and visfatin in patients than in healthy controls. Uncontrolled diabetic patients was significantly associated with higher weight  BMI ,glucose, HbA1C, apelin and lower visfatin, C peptide and vitamin D when compared to controlled diabetic children
 Visfatin level exhibit a positively significant correlations with age, glucose and a significant negative correlation with BMI, HbA1C, C-peptide, vitamin D and apelin. Aplein level showed significant positive correlations with BMI, and significant negative correlations with visfatin, and no significant correlation was present between apelin, vit.D, C-peptide, nor HbA1C.
Conclusion: apelin and visfatin could be considered as good biomarkers to predict diabetes. Also, the uncontrolled diabetic group was significantly associated with higher weight and BMI, HbA1C, and apelin, and with lower C-peptide.