ABSTRACT
Background: Histological and physiological studies have increased in evaluating the effects of electromagnetic fields on human health. Several studies focused on investigated the effect of low frequency EMF on follicle development, and ovulation process in ovary.
Objective: To study the structural and functional changes in the ovaries of adult female albino rats post- exposure to cellular phone and the possible protective effect of avocado extract.
Material and Methods: The present study was carried out on 50 healthy adult female albino rats. divided into 5 main groups: 1) Group I: Control rats left without treatment, 2) Group II: Control rats receive the avocado extract, 3) Group III: Rats exposed to frequency equals 950 MHz of electromagnetic field for one month,4) Group IV: Exposed to EMF and  treated orally with a daily dose of the avocado extract in same day , 5) Group V: Rats left for spontaneous recovery for one month after exposure to EMF. The animals were sacrificed and the ovaries were dissected. The dissected tissues were processed. Using Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Masson's trichromestain. Immunohistochemical stains were used to detect two proteins: Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA).
Results: There was an increase in tunica albugenia (TA) thickness, Blood vessels congestion and collagen deposition in EMF exposed group. Besides, there was an increase in NF-κB expression in Group III. Avocado reversed the structural and functional changes in ovary. In Group V.There was a reduction but did not reach to the Group I as shown in avocado treatment.
Conclusions: EMF affected negatively on ovary.Avocado as antioxidant, protected the ovary from structural and functional changes resulting from exposure to EMF