Background: Infertility is customarily defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse. Assessment of the pelvis is greatly facilitated by the use of color Doppler imaging, which allows the simultaneous display of anatomic (gray scale) and flow (color) information. Quick and reproducible blood flow measurements are possible with transvaginal color Doppler.
Objective: To assess the uterine and ovarian perfusion during ovulation assessed by transvaginal color Doppler.
Patients and methods: Patients enrolled in this study were 180, which was done at October 6 University hospital during the period between September 2019 to September 2020, between 20 - 30 years old, with a previous duration of infertility ranging between 1 - 5 years and with BMI lying between 20 - 25. The patients were allocated to four groups: (group II) receiving clomiphene citrate (CC) induction alone, (group III) receiving human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG), (group IV) receiving CC with HMG and (group I) control group receiving no medication.
Results: The deleterious effects of CC induction on endometrial thickness and pattern were clear especially in the (group II) that showed the least ratio of trilaminar endometrium among the four groups. The study showed the apparent reversing power of both spoteneous and HMG on endometrial thickness and pattern, although patients of the (Group IV) showed the highest ratio of trilaminar endometrium among the four groups. The mean day of appearance of dominant follicle was not significantly different among the 4 groups. However, it was slightly lower in the group that received CC + HMG. The three groups that received induction showed a statistically significant higher number of dominant follicles when compared with the control group, and the group that received CC+HMG showed the largest number of dominant follicles and largest diameter of the dominant follicles.
Conclusion: Use of combined transvaginal ultrasound together with color Doppler indices gave the best detection rate of ovulation than any of them alone.