Background: Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have a wide range of applications due to their broad antimicrobial characteristics. However, Ag-NPs have some extent of oxidative damage to tissues and cell lines which consequently presents the possibility of toxicity. Aloe vera (AV) has been evaluated in treating these toxicological effects owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. Objective: Evaluation of the ameliorative effect of Aloe vera gel extract on the serum levels of some oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines and on the histological changes induced by silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in the lung tissue of adult male albino rats. Material and methods: Thirty-six adult male albino rats were divided into five main groups: Group I kept as the control group, Group II (AgNPs- injected group) injected intraperitoneally by Ag-NPs solution (100 mg/kg) once daily for 4 successive weeks, Group III (combined Aloe vera and Ag-NPs group) received aloe vera gel (0.4 ml /100 gm/ day) orally by gastric tube one hour before Ag-NPs administration in the same dose and duration as group II, Group IV (recovery group) received Ag-NPs  solution in the same dose and duration as group II and then left for another 4 weeks without treatment and Group V (Aloe vera-treated group) treated with alo vera gel extract in the same dose and duration as group III for 4 consecutive weeks after Ag-NPs administration. At the end of the experiment, final body weight was measured and each of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was measured in serum. Specimens of lungs were processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Histomorphometric and statistical analyses were done. Results: Physically, AgNPs caused reduction in the body weight. Ag-NPs caused disturbance in the antioxidants and elevation in the serum levels of MDA and inflammatory cytokines. These changes markedly correlated with the histological changes in the lung tissues including thickening of interalveolar septa in association with the collapse of lung alveoli, diffuse inflammatory cells infiltration, dilation and congestion of the pulmonary blood vessels, extravasations of red blood cells and pulmonary fibrosis in concomitant with a significant increase in area percentage of collagen fibers within the lung interstitium and around the congested blood vessels. Detached epithelial cells with deeply stained nuclei appeared in the lumen of the bronchioles. Increased mucus secreting goblet cells within the lung bronchioles, positive inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunoreactivity within the cells lining alveoli and positive alveolar macrophages CD-68 immunoreactivity were also detected. The protective and curative potential of Aloe vera extract revealed improvement in the antioxidant assays as well as in the histological and immunohistochemical changes, with the protective effect was more pronounced than the curative one. Conclusion: Aloe vera showed preliminary success in improving the antioxidant capacity and in decreasing inflammatory the cytokine levels. Also, it succeeded in ameliorating the lung cytotoxicity induced by Ag-NPs owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.