Background: Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) is a rapid inexpensive and noninvasive method for the assessment of both the systolic and the diastolic cardiac function, and it has proved to be a useful prognostic tool both in the general populationand among persons with known cardiovascular diseases.
Objective: To determine how myocardial velocity assessed by pulsed TDI is affected by different degrees of CAD in patients with symptomatic CAD and preserved LV ejection fraction.
Patients and methods: A case-control study that included 40 patients with suspected CAD admitted at Bab El- Sha,aria University Hospital, between July 2012 and January 2013, for coronary angiography. The selected patients were divided into two groups: Group I (control group): Ten patients with normal coronary angiography or with insignificant lesions (less than 70%) in the coronary arteries by coronary angiography. Group II (Patient group ) Thirty patients with significant stenosis (more than 70%) in the coronary arteries by coronary angiography. The second group was further subdivided into three subgroups: Group A : patients with single vessel disease (SVD), Group B : patients with two vessel disease (TVD), and Group C : patients with multi vessel disease (MVD). For all patients, the data collected were full history taking and thorough clinical examination , twelve leads resting ECG, conventional echocardiography and pulsed tissue Doppler imaging and coronary angiography.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regard demographic characteristics including age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors including DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and BMI. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups as regard Sm velocity, Ea velocity and E/Ea velocity ratio. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regard DT, E velocity, A velocity, E/A velocity ratio, Aa velocity, Ea/Aa velocity ratio, IVCT, IVRT, ET and MPI .
There was no statistically significant difference between the control and subgroups A, B, and C as regard demographic characteristics including age and gender but there was statistically significant difference between the three subgroups as regard BMI (Kg/m2) . There was no statistically significant difference between the three subgroups as regard diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking and echocardiographic data including Sm, Ea, Aa, E, A velocities, E/Ea and E/A velocity ratios, DT, IVCT, IVRT, ET, MPI and EF.
There was no statistically significant difference between the control group and the subgroups A,B and C as regard demographic characteristics including age and gender, cardiovascular risk factors including DM, hypertension, smoking and BMI and E-velocity, A- velocity, Aa velocity, E/A ratio , Ea/Aa -velocity ratio, DT, IVRT, IVCT, ET and MPI. There was no significant difference between the control group and subgroup A, but significant with subgroup B and very significant with subgroup C as regard Sm velocity. There was statistically no significant difference between the control group and subgroup A, but very significant with subgroup B and significant with subgroup C as regard Ea-velocity. As regard E/Ea velocity, there was no statistically significant difference between the control group and subgroups A and C but significant with subgroup B.
Conclusion : Tissue Doppler imaging revealed both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease even when ejection fraction was preserved and the nature of the dysfunction depended on the severity of CAD.