Background: Fenofibrate is among the drugs of choice for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, both recognized as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. 
Objective: Demonstrating the effect of fenofibrate administration and its withdrawal on the histological structure and function of the kidney in adult male albino rats.
Material and methods: Forty adult male albino rats were used in this work. They were divided equally into four groups; I-First control group (Group A), II- Second control group (Group B), III- Treated group (Group C) and IV- Recovery group (Group D). Each adult male albino rat of groups A and C was given 0.96ml of distilled water and 0.96ml of distilled water (Contained 3.6 mg fenofibrate) respectively for six weeks. Each adult male albino rat of groups B and D was given 0.48ml of distilled water and 0.96ml of distilled water (Contained 3.6 mg fenofibrate) respectively for six weeks, then, left for two weeks without treatment. The treatments were given once/day orally. The specimens were collected at two time intervals; at the end of the 6th week for groups A &C and at the end of the 8th week for groups B & D. The blood samples were collected for measuring urea, creatinine, MDA and SOD. The kidneys were used for light & electron microscopic examinations, and morphometric study. 
Results: Light and electron microscopic examination and morphometric studies demonstrated that fenofibrate induced various signs of degeneration, necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Biochemical study revealed that fenofibrate induced deterioration in the kidney functions which were reflected by significant increase in the serum levels of urea and creatinine. It also revealed significant increase in the oxidant parameters (MDA), and significant decrease in the antioxidant parameters (SOD). On fenofibrate withdrawal, most of the histological and all the biochemical effects were recovered.
Conclusion: Fenofibrate induced various deleterious changes in the histological structure and function of the kidney by inducing oxidative stress. These changes and oxidative stress were reversible on fenofibrate withdrawal.