Background: Hypothyroidism, a prevalent disorder, has deleterious effects such as dyslipidemia, prominent oxidative stress and coexistent inflammatory state. Quercetin, a flavonoid, has unique biological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
Objectives: This study investigated the possible beneficial effects of quercetin administration on lipid profile, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in a rat model of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism.
Materials and Methods: Forty Five adult female albino rats were allocated randomly and equally into three groups: Control group, PTU-induced hypothyroid group, and quercetin-treated hypothyroid group. At the end of experimental period, all rats were subjected to measurement of the following parameters: serum levels of free tri-iodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and reduced glutathione; and plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA). Atherogenic index was also calculated.
Results: PTU-induced hypothyroid group exhibited significantly lower levels of free T3 and T4, in addition to increased final body weight and percent of body weight gain, associated with dyslipidemia compared to control group. Treating hypothyroid rats with quercetin did not regain the euthyroid status. However, it significantly reduced final body weight and percent of body weight gain compared to the hypothyroid group. Also, quercetin treatment markedly improved the hypothyroidism-induced dyslipidemia by significantly decreasing TG, TC, LDL-C and atherogenic index, accompanied by increased HDL-C compared to the hypothyroid group, achieving levels comparable to that of controls. Hypothyroid rats also displayed a significantly higher plasma MDA level and serum TNF-α level, compared to control group. Hypothyroid rats treated with quercetin showed significantly reduced plasma MDA and elevated reduced glutathione level in addition to significantly lowered serum TNF-α level, compared to untreated hypothyroid group.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a pronounced protective effect of quercetin treatment against the dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory status, in a rat model of hypothyroidism, suggesting the use of quercetin as a natural therapeutic agent for relieving hypothyroid complications.