Background: Type 2 diabetes results from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Overweight/obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Objective: Examining the changes in leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels  in obese and  non-obese rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the effects on body weight, BMI, insulin resistance, HbA1c and fasting blood sugar. Materials and methods: Forty adult male albino rats of local strain were chosen as an animal model for this study. They were divided into normal control, control obese, diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus obese rats. Rats were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40mg/kg B.W) that successfully induced type 2 diabetes. The high fat diet was used to induce obesity.It was prepared by increasing the fat content of diet to 11-12%. At the end of the experimental period, rats were weighed and BMI was calculated. The rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected, and the separated plasma was stored at -20˚C for biochemical assays. Results: Regarding plasma leptin  and resistin levels, all groups showed a significant increase as compared with control. There was a significant decrease in plasma adiponectin levels in all groups as compared with control group. There was a significant increase in plasma L/A  ratio in all groups as compared with control group. Conclusion: The decrease in adiponectin and the increase in resistin and leptin levels inplasma could be attributed to hyperglycemia and the increased insulin resistance observed in obese, diabetic and diabetic obese rats.