Agricultural land is one of the most important productive resources, whose scarcity is increasing year after year. The Ministry of Agriculture conducts agricultural land improvement operations, which leads to the necessity of evaluating the impact of agricultural land improvement operations. The research problem was represented in the low efficiency of the use of agricultural land resources and poor maintenance, which results in the deterioration of its fertility and consequently the weakness of its productive capacity. The research aimed to identify the efficiency of the use of land resources after implementing agricultural land improvement programs, and to evaluate the impact of these programs on wheat crop production in Egypt in order to educate agricultural producers about the importance of conducting agricultural land improvement operations to increase feddan productivity. The research also relied on field data for a multi-stage stratified sample, consisting of 320 farmers, of whom 160 farmers used soil improvement programs, in addition to 160 farmers (comparative fields) who did not use soil improvement programs for wheat crop for the agricultural season 2019/2020. The most important results were as follows: increasing the feddan productivity, net feddan yield, and the return on the invested pound by increasing the efficiency of used processes and increasing the number of used processes. The effect of soil improvement on feddan productivity, and the net yield amounted to about 3.46 ardeb, 5169.24 pounds, respectively. The research recommends the need to expand agricultural soil improvement and maintenance programs at the level of the Republic because of their positive effects on the productivity of different crops.